Cervical cancer is a significant health concern for women worldwide, especially in developing countries where awareness and access to healthcare are limited. While it can be life-threatening, it is also one of the most preventable and treatable types of cancer, thanks to screening tests and vaccines.
WHAT IS CERVICAL CANCER?
Cervical cancer occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The primary cause is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. Most women who are infected with HPV will not develop cervical cancer, but for those who do, early detection is crucial.
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS: The primary cause of cervical cancer is HPV, but several other
factors
can increase the risk, such as:
● Having multiple sexual partners
● Early sexual activitySmoking
● A weakened immune system
● Long-term use of oral contraceptives
● Giving birth to many children
SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL CANCER: In its early stages, cervical cancer may not show noticeable symptoms, which is why regular screening is vital. However, as the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:
● Unusual vaginal bleeding (after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause)
● Watery, bloody vaginal discharge with a foul odor
● Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
PREVENTION:
HPV Vaccination: One of the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer is by getting
vaccinated against HPV. The vaccine is recommended for girls and boys from ages 9 to 26.
Regular Screenings: Routine Pap smears and HPV testing are critical in detecting precancerous changes early. Women are generally advised to begin Pap testing at age 21 and continue at intervals recommended by their healthcare provider.
Safe Sex Practices: Using condoms and limiting the number of sexual partners can reduce the risk of contracting HPV.
Quit Smoking: Smoking weakens the immune system and makes it harder for the body to fight HPV infections, increasing the risk of cervical cancer.
TREATMENT OPTIONS:Cervical cancer treatment depends on the stage of cancer, and it may include:
● Surgery (to remove cancerous tissue)
● Radiation therapy ● Chemotherapy
● Targeted therapy (for advanced cases)
Cervical cancer can often be prevented with vaccination, regular screenings, and awareness of symptoms. Women should take proactive steps to safeguard their health by staying informed, getting vaccinated, and attending regular health check-ups. Together, we can reduce the impact of cervical cancer and promote a healthier future for women everywhere
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